Python 学习笔记 (8)：定制类、枚举与错误处理

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class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Student object (name: %s)' % self.name

>>> print(Student('Michael'))
Student object (name: Michael)

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class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Student object (name: %s)' % self.name
    __repr__ = __str__

>>> s = Student('Michael')
>>> s
Student object (name: Michael)

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class Fib(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.a, self.b = 0, 1 # 初始化两个计数器a，b

    def __iter__(self):
        return self # 实例本身就是迭代对象，故返回自己

    def __next__(self):
        self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b # 计算下一个值
        if self.a > 100000: # 退出循环的条件
            raise StopIteration()
        return self.a # 返回下一个值

>>> for n in Fib():
...     print(n)
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...
46368
75025

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class Fib(object):
    def __getitem__(self, n):
        if isinstance(n, int): # n是索引
            a, b = 1, 1
            for x in range(n):
                a, b = b, a + b
            return a
        if isinstance(n, slice): # n是切片
            start = n.start
            stop = n.stop
            if start is None:
                start = 0
            a, b = 1, 1
            L = []
            for x in range(stop):
                if x >= start:
                    L.append(a)
                a, b = b, a + b
            return L

>>> f = Fib()
>>> f[0]
1
>>> f[1]
1
>>> f[2]
2
>>> f[3]
3
>>> f[10]
89
>>> f[100]
573147844013817084101
>>> f[0:5]
[1, 1, 2, 3, 5]
>>> f[:10]
[1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]

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class Student(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = 'Michael'

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        if attr=='score':
            return 99
        raise AttributeError('\'Student\' object has no attribute \'%s\'' % attr)

>>> s = Student()
>>> s.name
'Michael'
>>> s.score
99

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class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __call__(self):
        print('My name is %s.' % self.name)

>>> s = Student('Michael')
>>> s() # self参数不要传入
My name is Michael.

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class number(object):
    def __init__(self, n):
        self.num = n
    def __add__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, int):
            return self.num + n
        if isinstance(other, number):
        	return self.num + other.num
    __radd__ = __add__
    
>>> number(1) + 2
3
>>> number(1) + number(2)
3

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from enum import Enum

Month = Enum('Month', ('Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'))

for name, member in Month.__members__.items():
    print(name, '=>', member, ',', member.value)
Jan => Month.Jan , 1
Feb => Month.Feb , 2
Mar => Month.Mar , 3
Apr => Month.Apr , 4
May => Month.May , 5
Jun => Month.Jun , 6
Jul => Month.Jul , 7
Aug => Month.Aug , 8
Sep => Month.Sep , 9
Oct => Month.Oct , 10
Nov => Month.Nov , 11
Dec => Month.Dec , 12

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from enum import Enum, unique

@unique		#@unique装饰器检查保证没有重复值
class Weekday(Enum):	#继承自Enum
    Sun = 0 # Sun的value被设定为0
    Mon = 1
    Tue = 2
    Wed = 3
    Thu = 4
    Fri = 5
    Sat = 6
    
>>> day1 = Weekday.Mon
>>> print(day1)
Weekday.Mon
>>> print(Weekday.Tue)
Weekday.Tue
>>> print(Weekday['Tue'])
Weekday.Tue
>>> print(Weekday.Tue.value)
2
>>> print(day1 == Weekday.Mon)
True
>>> print(day1 == Weekday.Tue)
False
>>> print(Weekday(1))
Weekday.Mon
>>> print(day1 == Weekday(1))
True
>>> Weekday(7)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValueError: 7 is not a valid Weekday
>>> for name, member in Weekday.__members__.items():
...     print(name, '=>', member)
...
Sun => Weekday.Sun
Mon => Weekday.Mon
Tue => Weekday.Tue
Wed => Weekday.Wed
Thu => Weekday.Thu
Fri => Weekday.Fri
Sat => Weekday.Sat